twatterpilot

Every load I have flown is dead stick from green light to taxi off, unless my pattern gets interrupted by other traffic. 182 to King Air. Great practice to be in! I even teach my new primary students idle abeam the touchdown point to touchdown. But yes, if you want to do a quick stall after last out, that won't take too much time. But to make a point to do a full stall series, properly, takes 8 to 10 minutes from start to finish. Straight ahead, power off stall, in any configuration is a great maneuver to practice, but of limited value. Power on departure stalls, loaded, turn stalls, power on and off, and power off, full flap, approach to landing stalls are the ones that need to really be practiced. The dreaded base to final, engine out, trying to stretch the glide-stall spin accident is the one that gets the vast majority of non-glider trained pilots. This is the one that you can do after the jumpers get out. Two notches of flaps, power at zero thrust (In a 182 that is about 14 inches MP-I think) start at 65 kts, 20 degree bank, nose DOWN, slow down to full break. The other one is climb power, first notch of flaps, loaded, straight ahead and turning(10 degrees bank). Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Spin training in any capacity is a GOOD thing. I prefer fully developed to incipient, but that is more personal preference. Engine out training and not being a dumbass and running out of fuel is of more critical importance I think. But to think that there is plenty of time to do airwork on the way down from altitude is just ignorant. Any skydiver that wants to ride observer with a pair of headsets on listening to the radios with the pilot will quickly realize that the work load can get high, quick. And talk to any DZO/aircraft operator and ask if it is okay for the pilot to do airwork on the descent with loads waiting to go on the ground and see what the response is... Bottom line, I will repeat. Hire experience, hire talent, be willing to pay for it. Your aircraft and your customers will be better off for it. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I don't know of any jump plane besides the Stearman and Pitts biplanes that are actually certified for intentional spins. The Cessna 172 can spin when flying under utility category. Bottom line, if a DZO wants the pilot to get more proficient in spin entry/spin/spin recovery/prevention, then the DZO should pay for said pilot to go to a flight school/instructor that has an aircraft that is allowed to spin. The goal is to have a pilot at the controls that WON'T spin to begin with. To only way to do that, is to teach how to do it, so they know how NOT to do it. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

They were somewhat mimicking the European and FAI type rules with the Light Sport category. I think they did an ok job. There are other restrictions about flying over populated areas, controlled airspace etc. There is more to it than most realize. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Pretty sure Jim West is still flying a Westwind at Skydive Greene County in Zenia OH. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I have yet to see a mixture control in a Caravan. Kinda hard to run a turbine rich when you cannot control the mixture. Just sayin... So in case you meant Cessna 206, here are some comparisons just for arguments sake. I think what you are looking for is the Specific Fuel Consumption. That is the true measure of an engines efficiency. On the PT6A-114A powered Cessna 208 Caravan, it is about .67 pounds of fuel per hour per horsepower. Whereas the Continental IO-550 runs about .56 pounds per hour per horsepower, as best as I can tell from online performance diagrams... Don't forget, 100LL weighs less per gallon versus Jet A1. So in the long run, the engine (fuel) efficiency is actually pretty close. Once you take into account actual engine weight per horsepower versus specific fuel consumption, then it is a whole different ball game. The dry weight of the IO-550 is about 430 pounds dry, and the PT6A-114A is 270 pounds. 300 HP vs 675. Twice the horsepower, half the weight. Therefore the PT6's rule. I think you will find the mechanical efficiency of the turbines to be FAR superior to that of the piston engines. Long story short, if you are an environmentalist type, and a skydiver, you are a hypocrite, plain and simple. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

So far it looks like an even worse year for skydivers... Perhaps both groups need to drop back and punt and reconsider some of the training and gear requirements. Perhaps some continuing education requirements for skydivers like pilots already have. Biannual skydive review? RSL and Cyprus requirement? Age limitations or restrictions requiring skill and emergency procedure testing? Maybe a third class medical should be required for all jumpers with a second class for tandem masters. Food for thought, pilots who fly for fun require a 3rd class unless they are flying light sport, then no medical is required, however they are restricted to small, low horsepower aircraft that can only go so fast with only 1 passenger. Commercial pilots that fly for compensation or hire, like a tandem master, must have class 2 medicals. Just a thought... Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I WANT ONE!!! Awesome bird!!! Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I fly jump run in all models of King Air as slow as 75 kts. Most of the time 80 kts. I won't fly the Twin Otter slower than 85-90 depending on what the load is and what is launching. (big ways, tandems etc.) If you are having issues with prop blast, perhaps some retraining of the pilot is in order? It is not the best airplane for group exits. That is a given. But would you rather a Cessna 182 or a King Air? Glide speed in the King Air is higher, true, by about 15 kts., but isn't that why you have two engines? Having gotten my flying start in Gliders at age 12, it don't scare me. I would rather be in a Twin Otter if both decide to take lunch at the same time. The King Air slows down just fine, over the fence at 90-100 kts, the Twatter 70-80 or so. Not a huge difference, but noticeable. The whole point of being a competent pilot with a multi engine aircraft is to NOT land off airport. That is why the second engine is there no? Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I am with ya on some of that. The King Air does have a very comfy seat. With 2200 hours in the Twin Otter, and about a 1000 in King Airs, in spite of the slightly added complexity of the undercarriage, I feel more comfortable in the King Air in a V1 cut situation. Dunno why, just do. As far as maintenance goes, over the years I have found the King Air to be more reliable, with less component failures than the Twin Otter. The Twin Otter is actually a bit more complicated in my opinion with the critical boost pumps, (which I have had about a half dozen failures), Electric hydraulic pump, of which I have had 3 failures, beta back up system, which I cannot even count how many times that damn thing has gone haywire, and issues with the hydraulic nose wheel steering. Much of this could be attributed to how much they were flown between MX visits, who was maintaining them, and how hard they were flown. MX cost per seat, compare the 200 and the Twin Otter, both seating 22 jumpers, I think you will find the 200 has a lower operating and MX cost. Especially in the fuel burn. I never had a Twin Otter burn less than 30 a load, the 200 to 13,500 burns about 22 gallons. I am very fortunate to fly at a place with good mechanics, good airplanes and low utilization. This could have loads to do with why I have this opinion. As far as engine failure rates...I dunno vpjr, I have loads of multi time, as do you, and I have had 1 precautionary shutdown in 8000 hours. Maybe I am just lucky. *shrug* Workload wise I will agree, but being as I am 6'3" tall, I am far more fatigued in the Twatter than the King Air. I just fit in the airplane a lot better. Although I really do miss the pilot window! Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Here's a hot rod. Along with a visitor. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Most of my jumps are out of a grand caravan. conventional wisdom I've heard is that there is less fuel burn and the annual maintenance costs are lower on a caravan versus a twin otter. is this true? if you could choose between running a grand caravan or a twin otter, which would you choose as a pilot, jumper, and owner? When posed with only those two options, I would choose the Twin Otter. I am personally not a fan of single engine airplanes. While the Grand Caravan will be cheaper to fuel, and fix, the Twin Otter will be "safer" due to the twin engine redundancy. I think you will find that the added numbers of jumpers the Twin Otter can carry, will probably offset the added direct costs of operation of the Twin Otter vs. the Caravan. If I had to choose between the different mod kits available to the Caravan, I would personally chose the Blackhawk 850 HP version, ONLY because I don't have enough Garrett experience to feel comfortable behind them, but I have JUST enough to feel uncomfortable behind them until I have the opportunity to gain more experience. I still stand behind my earlier post, I am a huge fan of the King Air series. They are built like brick $hithouses, VERY reliable, strong, fast climbers and low fuel burns. Yea, twins are always safer eh??? Old beat PT6 twin otter loosing a engine (critical engine?) on climbout with your average "career" quazi trained DZ pilot.... you know the likely ending to that story if you're a ATP I'd vote for the 208 and I'm a fan of the 331 too. That is why proper maintenance MUST be done, so the engines aren't "old and beat", AND you have to hire talent and be willing to pay for it. I think the 331 is a good engine, I just personally don't have enough time behind them to feel comfortable, but knowing the physics behind the engines and the free turbine vs. direct drive, I am still going to stand behind my preference for the Pratt. The Cessna Caravan is a decent airplane. I just think the Twin Otter and King Air are much better. The construction of the Caravan does not impress me. It is built cheap, and costs the moon to maintain. The Kodiak looks to be a much more solid airplane. Don't get me wrong, the Caravan has served with honor for many years in many different missions. But there have been a lot of them lost to accidents. And a lot more are getting lost to corrosion. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

No, not a lot of tail wheel time. Only about 1700 hours or so teaching, aerobatics, towing gliders etc. So no. No time. At all. Total Rookie. And when I say that out of the 30 or so tail draggers I have time in, including the Pitts, that the Porter can be a tricky airplane, it can be. Forget to set the elevator trim once and tell me how that goes for you. As far as a POS King Air, that is why you do MAINTENANCE!!! That way, they are NOT a POS. And you also must have a pilot in the seat that is worth a $hit. Hire talent, and be willing to PAY for it. The King Air is far superior on one engine than a Twin Otter, a 1000 times better than a DieVan on 1, and only marginally worse than the transport category CASA 212-200. Wonder how well the Caravan flies when it has one of it's engines fail... Oh wait... Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Awesome airplane indeed! Unfortunately not legal here in the states. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Most of my jumps are out of a grand caravan. conventional wisdom I've heard is that there is less fuel burn and the annual maintenance costs are lower on a caravan versus a twin otter. is this true? if you could choose between running a grand caravan or a twin otter, which would you choose as a pilot, jumper, and owner? When posed with only those two options, I would choose the Twin Otter. I am personally not a fan of single engine airplanes. While the Grand Caravan will be cheaper to fuel, and fix, the Twin Otter will be "safer" due to the twin engine redundancy. I think you will find that the added numbers of jumpers the Twin Otter can carry, will probably offset the added direct costs of operation of the Twin Otter vs. the Caravan. If I had to choose between the different mod kits available to the Caravan, I would personally chose the Blackhawk 850 HP version, ONLY because I don't have enough Garrett experience to feel comfortable behind them, but I have JUST enough to feel uncomfortable behind them until I have the opportunity to gain more experience. I still stand behind my earlier post, I am a huge fan of the King Air series. They are built like brick $hithouses, VERY reliable, strong, fast climbers and low fuel burns. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

IMHO Cessna 182--4 Jumpers Cessna 205--5 Cessna 206--6 Cessna 207--7-8 Some have turbines, not common Pilatus Porter--9-10 Turbine Kodiak--12 (I think, correct me if wrong please) Caravan--14-16 Grand Caravan--16-18 Grand or regular Caravan with Garrett conversion? PAC 750--15 ? King Air 90--12-15 King Air 200--22 Twin Otter--20 Twin Otter--22-23 (Big Engines aka "Super Otter") Skyvan--20-22 CASA 212--35 ish DC-3--45 Beech 18--12-15 with/without Turbines (Westwind)? Flown most, favorite is the King Air 200 because it is faster than hell and quiet. Small door though. Good tandem machines as are most King Airs. Twin Otter is the most common, loved due to twin engine redundancy, somewhat fast climb, short runway OK, and big door. Caravan/PAC/Kodiak liked due to somewhat big door, and lower perceived fuel burn. Costly to buy, more expensive than people think to maintain, but still a single engine airplane. Tailgates such as the Skyvan and CASA are cool because, well, they are tailgates. CASA getting cost prohibitive to operate with the fuel prices of today. Porter would be a logical step up from a piston Cessna, but due to the fact that it is a tail dragger (and a tricky one at that) and parts are quite costly, they are falling from favor. Talented pilots are getting hard to come by to fly the tail wheel airplanes. Caravan/PAC/Kodiak are also great step ups, but the purchase price is often over 1 million dollars, so cost is an issue. My vote goes to the old reliable. The Beech King Air 90. A decent example can often be purchased for around $300,000 and will haul up to 15 jumpers to 13,500 feet in under 12 minutes all day long on about 20-25 gallons of fuel. Runways with good approaches can be as short as 2500 feet with a decent pilot in the seat. The added complexity of retractable landing gear, and the associated maintenance that goes with it, are by no means worth spending an additional $500,000+ on a single Caravan or equivalent. You can do a lot of maintenance and buy a TON of fuel with that $500+ large. And you get twin engine redundancy. Hot section parts for a PT6A-20 are almost cheaper now than an overhaul for a Continental IO-520/550 engine on the Cessna 206. If I were the pilot, King Air 200. As a jumper, King Air 200, Twin Otter (big engines) or CASA. As an aircraft owner, King Air 90. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I always loved seeing cool stickers on the aft bulkhead and ceiling. Gave the birds character. Remember the FrankenOtter? But, lately the Feds have been cracking down on "unauthorized placards" and ruining our bit of fun. Keep in mind, the pilot gets the violation for an unauthorized sticker, part of the preflight is verifying placards are in place and legible. So don't go tearing that emergency exit sticker off because you are bored on the way to altitude. They have to be approved by part number and label and can ground the airplane until replacements can be installed. Airliners I flew got grounded all the time for missing stickers that passengers ripped off. Sucks... I miss the stickers... Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I loved doing observer rides in the Twin Otter when I got the opportunity to meet the individual, check his or her mental state (ie, not suicidal, or terrorist) made sure the individual would fit behind the yoke etc. Tough in the King Air, person has to wear a rig and no seat, just a straddle bench. But still do'able. Again, I don't like to do it unless I have had the opportunity to meet and evaluate the person. I love to take staff so they can have the chance to see and hear what a round trip looks like with listening to jumpers and 3 frequencies. But you are 100% correct, hand held all the way to the cockpit by a trained staff member. Works better and is often more fun for passenger if they are there for a start and shutdown. They get to see the whole operation. I treat it like a flying lesson. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

I have only used my weapons against paper targets and still walking dinner. I have drawn my weapon in self defense only once. My pistol barely cleared leather before the 3 youths that were trying to rob me pissed their pants and hit the ground spread eagle. I held them at gun point for 21 minutes before the police were on scene. They simply thanked me and sent me on my way after I gave them my statement. The youngest boy at 15 had a warrant out for his arrest for armed assault and robbery the second oldest at 17 had a warrant out for attempted manslaughter and the oldest at 19 was wanted for connection to 2 murders and multiple armed robberies. They were all carrying knives and clubs. I guess they though I was an easy target. Note: Never try to rob a man with a Chevy pickup with a huge Colt Firearms sticker in the rear window. But then again, they didn't have the brains to wear pants that fit properly, they must not have been able to read either. But I feel compelled to add some more of my thoughts on here, please forgive my ranting... I own weapons (guns, knives and bows) for three reasons. I will list them in ascending order. #3 As a means to provide food for my family in the event that the normal means and sources become unavailable or unreliable. #2 As a means to defend myself, and my family and others from those who wish us ill. And trust me when I tell you, I won't hesitate to shoot to kill, and I will sleep well that night knowing a scumbag is no longer a factor to this world. #1 and the MAIN Reason: To defend myself, my family, and others from a tyrannical government and from foreign invasion. While there are many that claim this man never said this famous quote, I cannot help but believe the premiss behind it. It truly is irrelevant if the quote is true or not. The fact remains, that the USA is by far, the best country in the world to live, work and visit. Many want to come here to live the dream that is America, many want to invade it to exploit our natural resources and wealth. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto: "You cannot invade the mainland United States. There would be a rifle behind every blade of grass." The reason no one has attempted an actual invasion for the purposes of occupation, is that the whole world knows that it would never be successful. The strength and resolve of our amazing, dedicated military men and women is nothing compared to the resolve of the real, dedicated, patriotic citizens of this nation. They also know that the ENTIRE WORLD relies on the United States of America. If the USA falls, the entire world will be plunged into chaos. It may be an arrogant attitude, but it is the truth nonetheless. How long do you think Canada would last if we didn't buy it's oil, employ its citizens in the auto and many other industries and visit its amazing tourist locations? How do you think China would fair if America didn't pay it's debts and didn't buy it's cheap goods and sell our coal, natural gas and other resources to them? How long would Switzerland, England, and the rest of Europe last without US tourism, investment and natural resources? America is nothing without the world and the world is nothing without America. Attacking the very principles and freedoms that make us who we are will only serve to weaken America and the rest of the globe. Deaths in the USA... Accidents Ranked #5 122,777 in 2011 Suicide is ranked #10 38,285 in 2011 37,275 people died in transportation related accidents in 2011. 34,677 of those were in motor vehicles. 85,502 people were killed in non-transport related accidents in 2011. 33,554 of those were from exposure to noxious substances and poisoning. 3,555 were from submersion and drowning. 2,621 were from smoke or fire. 851 were from the accidental discharge of a firearm. 38,285 people committed suicide in 2011. 19,766 used a firearm, 18,519 used another method. 15,953 people were killed by homicide in 2011. 11,101 were firearm related. 4,852 used other methods. 32,163 were injured by firearms (that may contain some of those fatalities too) Drug induced deaths numbered 40,239 in 2011. Alcohol induced deaths numbered 26,256 in 2011. The moral of the story is: The number of deaths in 2011 that were caused by Drugs, Alcohol and Motor Vehicle Accidents total 103,770 people. The number of firearm related deaths from murder, suicide and accidental discharge in 2011 total 31,718. Or approximately .0126 Percent of total deaths in the USA in 2011. Or less than a third of alcohol, drug and motor vehicle accidents. Where is the outrage over those numbers? I am curious about the death statistics in China? I bet there are far less firearm deaths...But I would venture a guess and bet there are significant suicide, human rights violation and industrial accident numbers...I would even bet there are significant political related numbers too. The real issue here is not that there are firearm deaths here in the United States...the issue is that they are being blatantly politicized. Oh and just my final thoughts. If you are NOT from the USA, keep your opinions about firearm ownership in the USA to yourself. Most of our forefathers fled the countries you are from because of the high taxation, lack of opportunity, tyrannical governments and overall lack of freedom. Men and women from the USA and her allies died all over the world for freedom from tyranny. While you might not agree with our methods and beliefs, like it or not, the entire world owes a debt of gratitude to America and her allies. So while we might have an issue with respect, discipline and the proper raising of our youth, what we don't have is civil rights issues, slavery, dictators (well that is debatable too) widespread poverty, cholera, poor health care and lack of available natural resources and farm-able land. America is an amazing, wonderful place. Even with it's issues and politics. The knee jerk reaction and politicizing of a tragedy as depicted by the blatant liberal leaning mainstream media is just a great a crime against humanity as what that single wack job did in Connecticut. A gun ban is not the answer. Because guns don't cause violence. Therefore, the gun itself was never in question, the man wielding it was. It is time to focus on the WHY, not the HOW. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Perhaps if we focused on the WHY and not the HOW we might actually figure out how to stop this kind of thing. I, for one, feel if we stopped raising a bunch of rear echelon, limp dick pussies in this country, we might not have stuff like this happening. Perhaps if we taught our children that actions have consequences, and that not everyone wins, trophies for participation don't exist in the real world, and that if you are bad you are going to get your ass spanked. This crime, (notice I didn't call it a gun crime, just a crime) was a direct result of bad parenting and the complete and utter degradation of our society. So, stop the gun control ranting. If you don't like our laws as they are LEAVE! More people are killed by drunk drivers every year by a factor of 4 than by guns. And the guns used to commit 90% of the gun crimes are obtained illegally and used by criminals. So more laws are not going to solve the problem. A good swift kick in the ass might have prevented this kind of thing from happening. Perhaps the gunman didn't get hugged enough as a child. Or perhaps he was angry that mommy didn't buy him that iPad he always wanted. The fact that the dipshit used a gun was irrelevant. He could have easily used a baseball bat or a kitchen knife. So knock off the immature, knee jerk reactionary bull shit people. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

CarpeDiem3 GO AWAY! Go crawl into a hole and disappear. Or move to what ever POS country that you want. Don't like guns in our country? LEAVE. I'll help you pack. Our forefathers and military men and women in this wonderful country fought so you have the freedom to be a dumba$$. You also have the freedom to go away. Vote with your feet and do us all a favor and disappear. Don't let the door hit you in the ass on the way out. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Not a reply specifically to you, your post was the last in line and it was the button I clicked. Sorry. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Question... Roe V Wade was enacted in 1973. There has been 5 Republican Presidents since then. Nixon, Ford, Reagan, Bush 41 and Bush 43. Give me an example of when ANY of these Presidents attempted to overturn Roe V Wade. In fact, go one better...Give me ANY example of ANY time a Republican took ANY rights away from women? My wife is 48 years old, she has more freedoms, rights and opportunities now than ever before. That is, until Obama took office, where her opportunities are at the lowest she can ever remember. So...STOP ALL THE BULLSHIT and pay for your own damn contraception. And if you can't stay sober enough to remember to take your pill or keep your knees together, don't expect the rest of us to pay for your abortion. I don't give a rats ass if you get one, in fact more people probably should, just don't expect ME or any other taxpayer or insurance company to pay for YOUR piss poor decision making skills. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

Our esteemed leader has launched a re-election campaign bus tour that will shut down just about every aviation related activity from Orlando east to Cocoa, and then south to West Palm Beach. No flight training, no SKYDIVING etc etc etc. This will effect most of the east coast of Florida Drop Zones. All be advised. From 8:30am to 6:30pm Sunday Sept 9th. Providing he doesn't get delayed, you might get the sunset load... Maybe... http://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_2_0770.html Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider

@Bravestdog I will question your motives about what types of questions you post. Especially AFTER your posts awhile back asking if it was OK to skydive stoned. I feel it is my duty after burying friends of mine after 9/11. You see, there was a group of people that asked questions like yours in the years leading up to that tragic day. In my humble opinion, based on how you phrase some of your questions, it leads me to believe that you might be an attorney, an investigator of some type, or even worse, a reporter or someone with more sinister motives. If you feel like telling us a bit more about yourself, and your REASON for asking these completely off the wall questions in 3 different threads, perhaps there would be a bit more cooperation from professionals such as myself. But here in these United States of America, we have a freedom of speech. If the moderators would like to delete our posts questioning your motives behind this line of questions, then that is their prerogative. Just to advise you, this is a public forum. And everything written here is public record. And as aviation professionals here in this country, it is our responsibility to protect the National Airspace System. And copies of all these posts have been made, and will be sent on to the proper authorities for investigation if it is deemed necessary. Remember, YOU don't know who might be reading these. Airline Transport Pilot, Multi-Engine Land, DHC-8 Commercial Multi-Engine Sea, Single Engine Land Private Glider