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OlympiaStoica

Reserve malfunctions – how common are they?

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Early on I used to think … “it’s OK if my main doesn’t open – I have a reserve, packed by a highly qualified rigger – I’m all set”. In retrospective, that was my way of lying to myself to calm the nerves of a newbie. I’m still a newbie (I’ve been in the sport 10 months), but I’ve learned enough to know that one can’t take the reserve for granted.

I’ve read the statistics, but how common double malfunctions really are?

Frankly, the knowledge that the reserve might not open, may cause me to “waste” a few extra seconds at cutaway time, trying to clear a main malfunction, given it’s something that can be cleared.

O

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Very good question with no pat answers. Main parachutes are designed to be reliable, but that reliability is compromised with the design goals of being fun to fly, fast and responsive, soft landings, and be packed in 10 minutes with few tools by a non rated packer. OTH, the reserve's design goal is only one, to be as reliable as possible. That's why they are boring F-111 7 cells with a very square planform.

Main-reserve entanglements are usually the result of defective 3-ring assemblies or out of sequence deployments. Know your gear, keep it maintained. Know your emergency procedures, make them part of you. Practice them in your head until they are reflexive.

Reserve malfunctions are rare but do happen. To stay stable when you cutaway, put your feet on your butt and arch prior to cutting away. Arch even harder after you chop and pull the reserve. This will give your last parachute its best chance to open cleanly.

If you do experience a partial malfunction on your reserve, use your toggles to attempt to clear it. If only one line is involved and you have a hook knife, use it. If you can't, do whatever it takes to make it fly as straight as possible. Feet and knees together when you land, PLF. Aim for the trees if you can.

In the calculus of staying alive in our sport, reserve malfunctions are rare, and often with extenuating circumstances, such as equipment, maintenance, or body position issues. Your statement about doubt about your reserve may make you stay with the main longer than you should? Heck, every time I've had a low speed cutaway, that's gone through my mind.:D I know there's nothing magical about that reserve.:S:D

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not common at all from what I have seen in my short time in this sport....

a few months back a TI had one after a cutaway, with the students assistance they fixed it, but thats the only one I personally know of (but again, thats not saying much)

also I dont take my reserve for granted, but I do assume it will save my life if I need it, if it don't...well that's another topic altogether ;)

imo if you need a few "extra" seconds to fix a mal on your main, you are better off cutting away and relying on your reserve. (obviously the specifics of the mal would matter)

my first cutaway i wasted quite a few seconds trying to "fix" my main, my second cutaway was much quicker as soon as i realized I could not land the canopy I got rid of it right away, didnt even try to "fix" anything.

"Tell ya the truth, I don't think this is a brains kind of operation."

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imo if you need a few "extra" seconds to fix a mal on your main, you are better off cutting away and relying on your reserve. (obviously the specifics of the mal would matter)

my first cutaway i wasted quite a few seconds trying to "fix" my main, my second cutaway was much quicker as soon as i realized I could not land the canopy I got rid of it right away, didnt even try to "fix" anything.



It all depends upon what the problem is, and how much altitude you've got. Your advice might work for rookie jumpers like yourself, but it doesn't necessarily apply to more experienced jumpers. If I've got a minor problem, and altitude to work on it, I'm gonna work on it.

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I fully agree with JohnRich on this one. I've fixed more than a couple of problems on mains. Just keep track of your altitude. If you can keep the canopy flying straight while you work on it, you usually have more time. More than once, I've held one toggle in my teeth while I used both hands to free the other one. :)
Watch your Altitude!

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You should never hesitate to use your reserve if you need it. But, IF you have altitude, and the is a chance of clearing the malfunction or making you main landable I always recommend landing you main if you can. Your reserve is your LAST CHANCE TO LIVE and I hate to see anyone use it when they don't need to.

A brake line releases on a lower performance canopy and you get it flying straight releaseing the other one... IMHO this is NOT a reasone to use you LAST CHANCE TO LIVE. If a brake line releases on a high performance canopy and it's starting to spin like a top, cutaway is only going to get harder and you don't know if you can get to the other toggle... time to get rid of it and use your reserve.

I NEVER tell someone they were wrong using their reserve. I wasn't there. But I do suggest an alternative action if appropriate.
I'm old for my age.
Terry Urban
D-8631
FAA DPRE

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I fly a moderately loaded (1:1) 7-cell and I don't see myself going "high performance" any time soon, if ever. Now that I'm not so ignorant to take my reserve for granted, I will most likely take a little time to try clearing my main malfunction, if possible.

What are the type of malfunctions that can be cleared, other than the obvious brake fire and line twists?

O

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"Frankly, the knowledge that the reserve might not open, may cause me to “waste” a few extra seconds at cutaway time, trying to clear a main malfunction, given it’s something that can be cleared.

O

"

.......................................................................

Bad habit.
1/3 of USPA fatality statistics usually involves a main malfunction handled improperly ... or too late.
Often the victim impacts at line stretch on the reserve.

Equipment improvements like RSLs and AADs have improved that statistic, BUT ...

He who hesitates will inherit the earth!

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I haven't found myself in this situation yet -- if this is deemed to be a "bad habit" I'd rather avoid developing it to begin with ... hence why I brought it up for discussion.

However, I don't want to use my reserve unless I absolutely have to and no, having to deal with a repack is NOT the reason.

O

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"I’ve read the statistics, but how common double malfunctions really are?"

.......................................................................

Double malfunctions are really rare.
For example, I already have four "saves" this year, but can only remember two reserve failures.

The first failure started with a "non-standard" flag configuration entangling with a main so badly that he could not clear it. His reserve half inflated, he bounced off a steeply sloped roof and impacted soft, wet grass.

The second reserve failure involved a guy who was over-weight, over-speed, unstable, when he dislocated a shoulder and a Cypres saved him. the reserve canopy got torn, but he was lucky enough to land in a muddy field and survived.

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Not sure if this counts as a double mal, but after chopping a spinning Safire 135 I got a Transfair (128 sqft) with one endcell not inflated (at all). O-kay, had plenty of altitude, so tried to clear it several times and several ways. Couldn't. Landed it like that, had to counter steer with right toggle almost all the way down, landed behind the trees so coming in pretty fast, flared out of instinct or something even though I had decided I would not, did a left hook into the frozen ground, failed to roll so hit feet first face second. Ouch. Broke my nose. Learned how to inflate a reserve with no interconnection holes real quick after that :S


ciel bleu,
Saskia

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What are the type of malfunctions that can be cleared, other than the obvious brake fire and line twists?

Line twists are not malfunctions on regular performance canopies. There used to be no reason to cutaway from line twists, because the big 7 cell canopies of the day would fly nice and straight while you kicked out. I have chopped my Stiletto due to line twists, and I can't tell you how aggravating that was to me.>:(

Other things that can be cleared? Tension knots in the suspension lines sometimes respond to pumping the brakes. I've had that work. Sometimes a lineover near the end of the canopy will slip off with a couple of pumps. I haven't had that. I've had sniveling canopies that have finally opened with a few pumps of the toggles. (be careful, you're losing altitude fast.)

A classic streamer twisting up tighter and tighter? Don't screw with that. Cutaway and pull your reserve. Don't forget to put your feet on your butt and arch.


Always know how high you are. Some days you break off high, pull high, lots of time to work. Some days you pull lower, not as much time. I maintain it's not being low that's dangerous, it's not knowing you're deep in the beeps. :)

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What are the type of malfunctions that can be cleared, other than the obvious brake fire and line twists?



It's sort of a case of; "If you have to ask, you don't have the experience." Newer folks don't like to hear this, but it is impossible to simply list a bunch of problems and identify those that can be worked out and those that can't. Experience will teach you what you yourself are capable of. One person may be able to resolve a problem in the air, while another, with the same problem, may not have the time.

At your experience level, I would say that line twists or a brake fire can probably be fixed at altitude - they're not big problems and are easily fixed. Anything else - If you can't land it, chop it.

Kevin K.
_____________________________________
Dude, you are so awesome...
Can I be on your ash jump ?

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One person may be able to resolve a problem in the air, while another, with the same problem, may not have the time.



Bingo.

I had my first brake fire a while back. Big canopy, lightly loaded, pulled at 3k.
I dealt with it ok.

1 week later, another jumper had a brake fire. Smaller canopy, much higer loading, lower altitude.
She chopped it. Nice safe reserve ride, found everything.

The 2 incidents were discussed.
The conclusion was that we both did the right thing.
"There are NO situations which do not call for a French Maid outfit." Lucky McSwervy

"~ya don't GET old by being weak & stupid!" - Airtwardo

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on my 48th jump I opened with a stuck brakeline. As I was spining around and around I kept thinking, I can get this, it will come out, I even had both hands on it yanking but it would not come. I realized I can not land this thing and cutaway and used my reserve. But I was under my reserve around 1100 feet. Way to low without a doubt. My next cutway was around jump 180 (to lazy to look it up) I opened with a step-thru (my pack job) I did a control check and had no control over the main. I looked at my alti, 2k, instantly cutaway. In both cases I feel like I did the correct thing, but the first time I waited WAY TO LONG. I could have stopped the parachute from spinning by using the other toggle but I was so focused on releasing the other brake I did not think about that, but it still would have left me with a difficult canopy to land.

I am ashamed to say that was not my only step thru I have packed for myself. On my first night jump, jump 201 I think, I opened with another step thru (yeah I know) regardless I was able to control the canopy based on my control check so I choose to land it, and had a very nice stand up landing in the main. (needless to say I have become a much more careful packer since then)

I am not suggesting ANYONE chop cuz they have line twists or a stuck slider (unless the feel they need to) and as I stated in my original reply (obviously the specifics of the mal would matter)

Also I believe the OP would fit into the category of a rookie jumper like myself so it appears my response was quite appropriate. thanks for your input :)
EDIT: also I forgot to mention that I believe not cutting away or even waiting to cutaway because you are afraid your reserve will not work, is not a good attitude to approach a jump with. If you believe its fixable, by all means fix it, but once you realizxe or believe it is not fixable, dont wait to chop because you reserve might not work properly, thats all I was getting at.

"Tell ya the truth, I don't think this is a brains kind of operation."

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I fully agree with JohnRich on this one. I've fixed more than a couple of problems on mains. Just keep track of your altitude. If you can keep the canopy flying straight while you work on it, you usually have more time. More than once, I've held one toggle in my teeth while I used both hands to free the other one. :)
Watch your Altitude!



OK lets talk about altitude!!

Can you be more specific? was 1100 feet to high for a rookie? to high for an experienced jumper? How do you decide you need to chop?

I am amazed at the way John distorted my post and then you jump on the bandwagon.

Please show me in my orginal reply I said you can't fix a problem on your main. Have you ever done a somersault in your harness to correct a step thru? at night? then decided to land a double-step thru cuz u can't do a forward somersault in your harness?

u guys amaze me sometimes

rob seems to be the only experienced jumper posting that understands when things get TOO HAIRY ITS TIME TO CHOP!!

the scary thing is for a while I second guessed my choice to even cutaway on jump 48 thanks to monday morning quarterbacks like you and johnrich giving me all kind of tips after the cutaway on how I could have "fixed" the problem.

I know I did the right thing even if you dont!
"Tell ya the truth, I don't think this is a brains kind of operation."

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I am amazed at the way John distorted my post and then you jump on the bandwagon.



I have not read in their post that they question your decision. They only say that with another level of experience (or in other situations) some decisions can be different.

Jurgen

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the scary thing is for a while I second guessed my choice to even cutaway ... I know I did the right thing even if you dont!



That is scary ... if this means that the next time you'll find yourself between a rock and a hard place you waste precious time second guessing yourself, it's really scary.

You did the right thing cutting away a canopy you didn't feel OK flying.

I had my first and only cutaway as a student - jump #12 - to this day I'm not clear what it was (tension knots ?) ... the canopy was relatively square above my head, but I could only turn it in one direction and I couldn't keep it flying straight. I had a 1000 feet to work with it, I didn't know how to fix it, at got to 2,500 feet and I got rid of it. One of my former AFF instructors who was on the same load got to the ground and told everyone that I've cutaway a "perfectly good canopy" ... BEFORE I landed and I got a chance to say anything.

THAT WAS NOT COOL either ...

O

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the scary thing is for a while I second guessed my choice to even cutaway ... I know I did the right thing even if you dont!



That is scary ... if this means that the next time you'll find yourself between a rock and a hard place you waste precious time second guessing yourself, it's really scary.

You did the right thing cutting away a canopy you didn't feel OK flying.

I had my first and only cutaway as a student - jump #12 - to this day I'm not clear what it was (tension knots ?) ... the canopy was relatively square above my head, but I could only turn it in one direction and I couldn't keep it flying straight. I had a 1000 feet to work with it, I didn't know how to fix it, at got to 2,500 feet and I got rid of it. One of my former AFF instructors who was on the same load got to the ground and told everyone that I've cutaway a "perfectly good canopy" ... BEFORE I landed and I got a chance to say anything.

THAT WAS NOT COOL either ...

O


Hi Oly,
"Funny you should mention that!!" What looks like a "perfectly good canopy" to someone else sure can be somethin' else to our eyeballs up close and personal!!!!! If the canopy would only turn in one direction and you couldn't keep it flying straight, the canopy was not "perfectly good!!" You did good by your actions. Never mind the coulda', woulda' shoulda', you made a good decision at the time and executed it resulting in your "walking away" on the ground under your own power. The tast of "Cold Beer" at Green Light is a lot better than "hospital food"...that is if you could still be able to eat!!!

Over the years I've seen lots of reserve deployments from what "Looked like perfectly good canopies!!" only to find out afterward there really was something wrong!! 'Had an old Django Dragonfly with about 1500 jumps on it rip a centercell lower seam from the A to the D line. It flew fine and wasn't sinking out too fast compared to the other canopies on the load so I figgured I'd land it. At the time Scare-us-valley had a nice big pea pit so I went for it "just in case!!" Well I landed OK but I sure sent the peas flying!!!!
SCR-2034, SCS-680

III%,
Deli-out

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