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airdvr

Speed of sound?

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so

"Degrees Celcius"
"Degrees Fahrenheit"
"Kelvin" (there is NOT "degrees Kelvin", just Kelvin)

What is Rankine? Is it "Degrees Rankine", or just "Rankine"



Degrees Rankine is °R

Real scientists use K.


This scale is the most scientifical:

Cold as hell
Really fucking cold
Cold as a witch's tit
Colder than a well digger's ass
Ice cold
Cold
Too cool for school
Cool
Real nice
Warm
Hot
Piping hot
Sweating like a whore in church
Hot enough to fry an egg
Too hot to handle
Hotter'n a two-dollar pistol
Hotter than two rats screwin in a whool sock
Hotter than a June bride in a feather bed
Hot as hell

Yeah! I know I skipped some of the graduations.:P

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1. Water is not a gas. For waves in media in general you need to know the density and the elastic stiffness. In ideal gases these are related by the gas law PV = nRT; assume adiabatic conditions then you can get the pressure term to cancel out, and you are left with temperature.



Since I happen to have a copy of K, F, C, Sanders within arms reach... assuming adiabatic conditions:

sound_velocity^2 = ratio_of_specific_heats * instantaneous_pressure / instantaneous_density

ratio_of_specific_heats:
air = 1.402
fresh_water = 1.004
sea_water = 1.01

Assuming an ideal gas:

instantaneous_pressure = instantaneous_density * specific_gas_constant * temp_in_kelvins

specific_gas_constant:
air = 287 J / (kg * K)

Assuming something other than an ideal gas but with fairly small fluctuations:

instantaneous_pressure = equilibrium_pressure + bulk_modulus * ( instantaneous_density - equilibrium_density) / equilibrium_density

bulk_modulus:
fresh_water = 2.18 * 10^9 Pa
sea_water = 2.28 * 10^9 Pa

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2. There are issues coupling vibrations in water to the ear. Human ears evolved to couple vibrations in air to the cochlea.



The ear drum and ossicles make for quite the impedence matching network. I vaguely remember having to calculate the insertion loss and return loss into a human ear in air and underwater.

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20,000 ft of gravitational acceleration with no drag gives 771 mph.



But the speed of sound at around 100K with a standard temp of -70F is 660mph and at 120K where the temperature should actually be higher at around -40F is 684mph. So when he leaves the balloon and falls 30 sec. he should actually be falling into cooler air and the speed of sound decreasing. 660mph is 966 ft/sec. 30 seconds of freefall with no drag is 960 ft/sec.

We should start a poll. At what time does he hit his highest Mach speed? My guess is 32 seconds.

Burke
Irony: "the History and Trivia section hijacked by the D.B. Cooper thread"

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